Abstract
Wireless sensor networking is being used extensively in agricultural activities to increase productivity and reduce losses in various ways. The greenhouse simplifies the concept of planting, which has several benefits in agriculture. In agricultural models, soil pH sensors and gas sensors are commonly used. These sensors are applicable in various Internet of Things (IoT) integrated agricultural activities. The paper discusses the hardware design and working of the proposed model. In addition, various agricultural models used for evapotranspiration are also explained. The key factors such as congestion control are evaluated using the Penman-Monteith equation. This paper focuses on implementing more than two references parameters like evapotranspiration and humidity under different conditions, which aids in splitting the relationship evenly by the number of sources. Furthermore, the paper shows the implementation done with MATLAB and values are adjusted using the code. The paper claims to achieve similar variations with the same source value, validating the proposed model’s efficiency and fairness. In an optimal region, these schemes also demonstrate higher throughput and lower delay rates. The improved packet propagation through the IoT network is demonstrated using visualization tools, and the feedback is computed to determine the overall access amount (A1 + A2) obtained. The experimental results show that the propagation rate is 1.24, more significant than the link capacity value. The claims are verified by showing the improved congestion control as it outperforms different parameters, considering an additive increase condition by 0.3% and multiplicative decrease condition by 1.2 %.
Highlights
The primary need for a human being to survive on the planet earth is food, so it is critical to work on various aspects of the country’s agricultural needs
Soil pH sensors and gas sensors are commonly used. These sensors are applicable in various Internet of Things (IoT) integrated agricultural activities
Agriculture accounts for 25% of the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 15% of total exports, and 65% of the country’s total population’s livelihood
Summary
The primary need for a human being to survive on the planet earth is food, so it is critical to work on various aspects of the country’s agricultural needs. Agricultural activities necessitate the expansion of land available for cultivation and irrigation. Traditional irrigation methods are widely used in most developing countries. ET is the product of two atmospheric processes: evaporation and transpiration. It is a necessary part of the water cycle. In Hydrology, evapotranspiration refers to both evaporation and transpiration (which involves evaporation within plant stomata). It is the amount of available energy for evaporation. Actual evapotranspiration equals reference evapotranspiration if there is plenty of water [30]
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