Abstract
When a large-scale disaster occurs, evacuees have to evacuate to safe places quickly. For this purpose, an automatic evacuation guiding scheme based on cooperation between evacuees and their mobile nodes has been proposed. The previous work adopts shortest-distance based route selection and does not consider the impact of traffic congestion caused by evacuation guiding. In this paper, we propose congestion-aware route selection in the automatic evacuation guiding. We first adopt a traffic congestion model where each evacuee’s moving speed on a road is determined by the population density of the road and his/her order among evacuees traveling in the same direction. Based on this congestion model, each evacuee’s mobile node estimates the cost, i.e., traveling time, of each road in the area. Each mobile node collects information about blocked road segments and positions of other evacuees through communication infrastructures or other mobile nodes. Based on the obtained information, it calculates and selects the smallest-cost route. Through simulation experiments, we show that the congestion-aware route selection can reduce both average and maximum evacuation times compared to the shortest-distance-based route selection, especially under highly congested situations. Furthermore, we show that the congestion-aware route selection can work well even under highly damaged situations where only direct wireless communication among mobile nodes is available.
Highlights
In the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, tremendous damage to communication infrastructures made both fixed and mobile communication networks unavailable for a long time and in wide areas
In [2], the performance of the automatic evacuation guiding scheme is evaluated from the viewpoint of average/maximum evacuation time among evacuees, under the situations where the recommended route is given as a shortest path and traffic congestion does not occur
Inspired by the traffic congestion model [4], we propose a traffic congestion model where each evacuee’s moving speed on a road is determined by the population density of the road and his/her order among evacuees traveling in the same direction
Summary
In the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, tremendous damage to communication infrastructures made both fixed and mobile communication networks unavailable for a long time and in wide areas. When evacuees encounter blocked road segments or traffic congestion during their evacuations, they register these information to their mobile nodes and share it with other nodes through wireless communication. Since the proposed congestion-aware route selection is conducted over the automatic evacuation guiding [2], we apply the DTN-based information sharing. The proposed route selection is a kind of selfish routing but the way of information sharing can vary depending on the communication environments, i.e., communication infrastructures or DTNs. G = (V, E) denotes a graph representing the internal structure of the target region, where V is a set of vertices, i.e., intersections, and E is a set of edges, i.e., roads in the map. We describe the route calculation based on the obtained road costs
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