Abstract
Congenital syphilis still represents a worldwide public health problem. If left untreated, it can lead to fetal demise and high neonatal morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, in the last decade, there has been a resurgence of cases in the U.S. This review discusses the ongoing problem of this preventable congenital infection, vertical transmission and clinical manifestations while providing a guidance for the evaluation and management of infants born to mothers with reactive serologic tests for syphilis.
Highlights
Congenital syphilis (CS) occurs when the Treponema pallidum subspecies, pallidum, infects the fetus of a woman typically affected by primary or secondary syphilis
In 1988, the surveillance case definition for national reporting of CS was broadened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to include: (1) a condition affecting stillbirths and infants born to mothers with untreated or inadequately treated syphilis regardless of signs in the infant or (2) a condition affecting an infant with clinical evidence of congenital syphilis including direct detection of Treponema pallidum or a reactive nontreponemal syphilis test with signs on physical examination, radiographs, or cerebrospinal fluid analysis [1]
It can lead to fetal fetal demise demise and and high high neonatal neonatal morbidity morbidity and and mortality
Summary
Congenital syphilis (CS) occurs when the Treponema pallidum subspecies, pallidum, infects the fetus of a woman typically affected by primary or secondary syphilis. CS is the second most common cause worldwide of preventable stillbirth [2] It could result in prematurity and low birth weight. Poverty is the common denominator for homelessness, drug use, exchange of sex for drugs or money, incarceration and low Children 2020, 7, 203; doi:10.3390/children7110203 www.mdpi.com/journal/children. Children 2020, 7, 203 common denominator for homelessness, drug use, exchange of sex for drugs or money, incarceration and low education level; all features for increased risk for syphilis. Efforts to overcome these education level; all features for increased risk for syphilis.
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