Abstract
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) consists of hearing impairment, ophthalmology abnormalities, and congenital heart disease in children, resulting from rubella infection during pregnancy. Rubella vaccine has been implemented as national immunization program in Indonesia since 2017, and needed to be evaluated. This study aimed to report the CRS patients’ profile of Audiology Outpatient Clinic in Surabaya. A descriptive study from patient’s medical record was conducted in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya from January 2016 to December 2017. CRS was categorized using World Health Organization classification. Suspected infants with CRS burden were assessed by Otoacoustic Emission and rubella antibody test. Ninety five infants suspected with CRS classified as laboratory- confirmed CRS (58.95%), clinically confirmed CRS (15.79%), and discarded CRS (25.26%). Clinical manifestations included combination of congenital heart disease and hearing impairment (17.89%), congenital heart disease, ophthalmology abnormalities, and hearing impairment (16.84%), and hearing impairment and ophthalmology abnormalities (13.68%). The data show a high burden of CRS in Surabaya. These implies the urgent need for national rubella immunization program.
Highlights
This descriptive study was conducted retrospectively using secondary data derived from the Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) case surveillance form in Audiology Outpatient Clinic of Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January 1st 2016 to December 31st 2017
Suspected children under 1 year old with CRS burden was assessed by clinical examination using Otoacoustic Emission (OAE) twice and rubella antibody test, based on rubella IgM test at infants under 6 months old, and rubella IgG test twice at infants beyond 6 months old.[4,8]
The research by the Indonesian Ministry m of Health found 30,463 cases of rubella in o 2010-2015, Banten and East Java were c provinces with a significant increase in - rubella cases.[14] n Clinical symptoms of CRS consist of group A and group B (Table 2)
Summary
This descriptive study was conducted retrospectively using secondary data derived from the CRS case surveillance form in Audiology Outpatient Clinic of Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January 1st 2016 to December 31st 2017. Congenital rubella syndrome classificaconsists of hearing impairment, ophthal- tion surveillance is based on clinical, epimology abnormalities, and heart disease demiological features, and laboratory data. Article infants are screened for hearing loss by 1 (71.43%) with laboratory confirmed CRS sist of 15 samples less than 6 months old, month of age, diagnosed by 3 months of while the unilateral one was found in 11 and 11 samples more than 6 months old. Enrolled in early intervention pro- patients (19.64%) with laboratory con- the anti-rubella IgG test, there were 79 samgrams no later than 6 months of age.[9] The firmed CRS (Table 3). The most common clinical symptom in o Group A was hearing impairment, which e were 18 patients (18.94%). Bilateral hearing impairNo ment was found highest in 40 patients
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