Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an endocrine disease commonly found in newborns and is related to the absence or reduction of thyroid hormones (THs), which are essential for development since intrauterine life. Children with CH can develop hearing problems as THs are crucial for the auditory pathway’s development and maturation. Sensory deprivations, especially in hearing disorders at early ages of development, can impair language skills, literacy, and behavioral, cognitive, social, and psychosocial development. In this review we describe clinical and molecular aspects linking CH and hearing loss.
Highlights
The development of auditory pathways depends on the presence of adequate serum levels of thyroid hormones (TH) and their action on TH receptors [1,2,3]
An isoformspecific importance ranking is observed, because only THRb1 signaling defect is associated with retardation in the expression of the fast-activating potassium conductance in inner hair cells, whereas deletion of the THRb2 isoform does not lead to anormal cochlear function [38]
congenital hypothyroidism (CH) can result in hearing loss [27], and even with early treatment, small hearing changes can be observed in individuals with CH [48]
Summary
The development of auditory pathways depends on the presence of adequate serum levels of thyroid hormones (TH) and their action on TH receptors [1,2,3]. The incidence of hearing loss (HL) in individuals with CH is still uncertain, and it could affect ~20% of patients [8,9,10], occurring isolated or associated with vertigo and tinnitus [11] It is well-known that when sensory deprivation events occur in the first months of life, a period considered critical for the maturation of biological functions, there is a high potential for subsequent. The early detection and intervention of hearing problems, even in subclinical stages, allow individuals with auditory dysfunction to obtain sociolinguistic performances close to normal hearing [12, 14] Given these facts and considering the scarcity of literature on the subject, the present study sought to achieve a narrative review on the probable dysfunctions of the auditory pathways connected to CH and TH deprivation in early neonatatal period, and its adverse impacts on social performance and language acquisition and development
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