Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Screening in Newborns From Saliva Samples by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis.

Abstract

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common congenital infection. Although screening of congenital cytomegalovirus infection with polymerase chain reaction studies in blood, urine, and saliva samples has been developed in recent years, it is not yet in routine use in any country. In our study, cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid analysis was per- formed by real-time polymerase chain reaction method in saliva samples taken before the first feeding during the first day following birth in neonates born in a university hospital between January 2021 and January 2022. To support the diagnosis, additionally, cytomegalovirus deoxy- ribonucleic acid positivity in urine and blood samples was investigated in newborns with cyto- megalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid positivity in saliva. Cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid was investigated in saliva samples of 545 neonates by real-time polymerase chain reaction method in 1-year period and positiv- ity was found in 6 neonates. Since cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid was found nega- tive by the real-time polymerase chain reaction method in the urine and blood samples of 5 of these neonates, the positivity in the saliva sample was interpreted as false positivity. In 1 case, cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid positivity was detected in urine and blood samples 5 weeks later. As a result, definite congenital cytomegalovirus infection could not be diagnosed in 545 cases, while possible congenital cytomegalovirus infection was diag- nosed in 1 case. It has been concluded that the frequency of congenital cytomegalovirus infection is low in our study group and studying saliva samples showed high false-positive rates. It is seen that saliva is not a suitable sample for detecting cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid by real-time polymerase chain reaction method.