Congenital Colour Vision Deficiency among Patients Attending Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Priyanka Shrestha,Pranil Man Singh Pradhan

doi:10.31729/jnma.7319

Abstract

Congenital colour vision deficiency may affect a person's day-to-day activity and may also affect the choice of occupation a person chooses. This study aims to find the prevalence of congenital colour vision defects in patients presenting in outpatient department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre after receiving ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Reference number: 1006202102). The study was conducted for a 3 months period from 2021 July to 2021 September. Research participants were selected by the convenience sampling technique. A detailed ophthalmological examination was performed and colour vision was tested using Ishihara pseudoisochromatic colour vision chart. Only congenital colour vision defects were included in the study. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. The overall prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency was 14 (5.24%) (2.54-7.86 at 95% Confidence Interval). The prevalence of congenital colour vision defects in females was 1 (0.74%) and in males was 13 (9.77%). The mean age of the participants with congenital colour vision deficits was 27.42±7.90 years. The prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency was similar to the prevalence in other studies done in a similar setting. Awareness should be raised about this condition and people need to be screened at an early age to prevent disappointments in career choices later in life. colour vision defect; Nepal; prevalence.

Highlights

Congenital colour vision deficiency may affect a person’s day-to-day activity and may affect the choice of occupation a person chooses
A total of 267 research participants were enrolled in the study, the prevalence of congenital colour vision defects was 14 (5.24%) (2.54-7.86 at 95% Confidence Interval)
The prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency was higher in the male population 9.8% which was similar to the prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency in studies done in the Nepalese male population.[5,9]

Summary

Introduction

Congenital colour vision deficiency may affect a person’s day-to-day activity and may affect the choice of occupation a person chooses. This study aims to find the prevalence of congenital colour vision defects in patients presenting in outpatient department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary care centre. Colour vision deficiency can be congenital or acquired. Congenital colour vision deficiency is mostly an X-linked recessive disorder, are more commonly found in males and incidence varies from race to race.[1,2]. Acquired colour vision defects may be due to other ocular and intracranial causes, diabetic retinopathy, drugs, ageing, macular degeneration, hypertension, and glaucoma. The prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency in the general population is 8% in males and 0.5% in females.[5]. Severe colour vision deficiency can significantly affect a person’s life and limit them from various professions Congenital colour vision deficiency is mostly an X-linked recessive disorder, are more commonly found in males and incidence varies from race to race.[1,2] Congenital colour vision deficiency causes difficulties in differentiating colours in the red/green spectrum and are bilateral and nonprogressive.[3,4] Acquired colour vision defects may be due to other ocular and intracranial causes, diabetic retinopathy, drugs, ageing, macular degeneration, hypertension, and glaucoma.

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