Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis in children is a congenital heart defect that causes fixed form of hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with progressive course. Neonates and young infants who have aortic valve stenosis, usually develop congestive heart failure. Children and adolescents who have aortic valve stenosis, are mostly asymptomatic, although they may carry a small but significant risk of sudden death. Transcatheter or surgical intervention is indicated for symptomatic patients or those with moderate to severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Many may need reintervention.
Highlights
Valvular aortic stenosis (VAS) accounts for approximately 3–6% of congenital heart defects [1].The VAS is almost always congenital in origin in pediatric patient
The sum of the areas of the leaflets is greater than the cross-sectional area of the aortic root that along with tissue pliability allows for a competent closure during diastole and unobstructed valve opening during systole
A recent study involving more than 400 consecutive patients with a bicuspid aortic valve showed that an aortic diameter of 40 mm or more at baseline independently predicted the subsequent development of an aneurysm, as compared with a baseline diameter of less than 40 mm in older children and adults [18]
Summary
Valvular aortic stenosis (VAS) accounts for approximately 3–6% of congenital heart defects [1]. The VAS is almost always congenital in origin in pediatric patient. It occurs more frequently in males than in females, by a ratio between 3:1 and 5:1. Associated congenital heart diseases, including patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of aorta and ventricular septal defects, are present in 15–20% of patients who have VAS
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