Abstract

Congenital anomalies of urinary system are of wide spectrum ranging from mild, asymptomatic malformations to severe fatal conditions. To investigate occurrence of congenital anomalies in urinary system. It was a cross-sectional study. Study populations were Sudanese patients with ESRD on regular hemodialysis attending Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases & Surgery, Gezira State, Sudan. Independent variables were horseshoe kidney, polycystic kidney disease, double ureter or ureteral duplication, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, posterior urethral valves, hypogenesis, agenesis, and kidney position. Dependent variable was hemodialysis. Investigation was done using abdominal ultrasound. Personal data was obtained using a questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty one (62%) of respondents was male. Minimum age was 19 years while maximum age was 70 years. Maximum affected age group was age group (36-45) years; followed by age groups (46-55) and (56-65) years. Minimum age at which disease was diagnosed was 13 years. Overall prevalence was 12%. Four types of congenital anomalies were encountered and these are: polycystic kidney disease, uretero-pelvic junction obstruction, hypogenesis, and agenesis. Minimum disease duration was 1 year while maximum duration was 16 years. Mean duration was 6.42 years. Gender distribution of these types was as follows: Male (Two cases of polycystic kidney disease, one case of ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and one case of agenesis); female (one case of polycystic kidney disease, and one case of hypogenesis). Duration of disease is higher among male. Conclusion and recommendation: The current study highlighted a significant statistical relationship of the congenital anomalies in the urinary system among respondents and duration of ESRF. Screening for presence of congenital anomalies of renal system among general population of Central State may be of great help.

Highlights

  • Congenital anomalies of the urinary system are of wide spectrum ranging from mild, asymptomatic malformations to severe fatal conditions as bilateral renal agenesis (Rodriguez M. 2014)

  • Congenital anomalies of urinary system that associated with hemodialysis are: Horseshoe kidney, polycystic kidney disease, double ureter or ureteral duplication, ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, posterior urethral valves, hypogenesis, agenesis, and kidney position [Elsharif

  • The type and the percentage of the present congenital anomalies of the renal system among the respondents were found to be as follows: polycystic kidney disease 3 (6%), uretero-pelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction – right kidney 1 (2%), hypogenesis of the left kidney 1 (2%), and agenesis of the right kidney 1 (2%) (Table 1)

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Summary

Introduction

Congenital anomalies of the urinary system are of wide spectrum ranging from mild, asymptomatic malformations (e.g. double ureter or minimal pelvic obstruction) to severe fatal conditions as bilateral renal agenesis (Rodriguez M. 2014). The incidence rate of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) in USA is 3–6 per 1000 live births; and constitute 34–59% of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 31% of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children. It is a cause for the most pediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [Yosypiv, (2012)]. Ultrasound is an accessible, inexpensive and fast aid for decisionmaking in patients with renal symptoms. It is safe, readily available, performed at the bedside or in the office, and free of radiation. The size and shape, the echogenicity, the urinary space (including the lower urinary tract), the presence of masses, and

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