Abstract
Hemato/hydrocolpos due to congenital urogenital anomalies are rare conditions discovered in neonatal, infant, and adolescent girls. Diagnosis is often missed or delayed owing to its rare incidence and nonspecific symptoms. If early correct diagnosis and treatment cannot be performed, late complications such as tubal adhesion, pelvic endometriosis, and infertility may develop. Congenital urogenital anomalies causing hemato/hydrocolpos are mainly of four types: imperforate hymen, distal vaginal agenesis, transverse vaginal septum, and obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly, and clinicians should have adequate knowledge about these anomalies. This article aimed to review the diagnosis and treatment of these urogenital anomalies by describing embryology, clinical presentation, imaging findings, surgical management, and postoperative outcomes.
Highlights
Hemato/hydrocolpos is a medical condition in which menstrual blood or secretory fluid accumulates in the vagina due to vaginal obstruction
As well as imperforate hymen, can be diagnosed during genital inspection; ideally, this condition should be recognized during neonatal and prepubertal periods to determine the optimal timing of surgery and avoid complications related to delayed treatment [6]
obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) is a congenital anomaly associated with the abnormal development of the Müllerian and Wolffian ducts, which is characterized by the triad of didelphys uterus, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis
Summary
Hemato/hydrocolpos is a medical condition in which menstrual blood or secretory fluid accumulates in the vagina due to vaginal obstruction. Hemato/hydrocolpos are caused by congenital urogenital anomalies or acquired vaginal occlusion due to infection, trauma, or sexual abuse [1]. Without early and proper treatment, late complications such as tubal infection, adhesion, pelvic endometriosis, infertility, and renal failure secondary to hydronephrosis can develop [13–15]. MRI, with its highresolution and soft tissue contrast, provides useful information for the differential diagnosis of obstructive causes and management decisions [16, 17]. Surgical treatment is necessary for patients with hemato/hydrocolpos due to congenital vaginal obstruction. A small opening is generally developed in the hymen during perinatal life [19]
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