Confusions in recognizing phonemes spoken by esophageal speakers: I. Initial consonants and clusters

Abstract

A methodology was developed to determine the patterns of phonemic errors that listeners would make in receiving the initial consonants and clusters of monosyllables spoken by esophageal speakers. Analyses of the features preserved in the errors were performed. The identified phonemic error patterns and the features found to be poorly preserved in the errors were used to structure multiple-choice intelligibility practice materials for esophageal speakers.