Conformations and rotational barriers of 2,2?-bithiazole and 4,4?-dimethyl-2,2?-bithiazole semiemperical, ab initio, and density functional theory calculations

Abstract

Conformational properties of 2,2′-bithiazole and 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′- bithiazole have been studied by using AM1 and PM3 semiemperical methods and ab initio HF/6-311+G* and B3LYP/6-311+G* calculations. All methods agree that the planar s-trans conformation is the global minimum and the perpendicular conformation is the transition state. Additional local minima were found using the Hartree–Fock (HF) and B3LYP levels for 2,2′-bithiazole while for 4,4′-dimethyl derivative the minima was located only at the MP2//B3LYP level. The barrier heights for rotation are 1.72, 7.69, and 7.88 kcal/mol at the PM3, HF, and B3LYP levels, respectively, and methyl substitution did not affect appreciably this value. Fourier expansion terms and bond orders were used to explain the origins of the rotational barrier in terms of π conjugation, electrostatic interaction, and steric effects, which represent the main factors in the shape of the rotational barrier. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 79: 367–377, 2000