Abstract

While the conformational analysis of stable compounds has been studied in detail, determining the conformational preferences of reactive intermediates is much more difficult. For example, knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of cyclic oxocarbenium ions is very important for understanding both uncatalyzed and enzymatic reactions of carbohydrates involving the anomeric carbon, since these reactions often involve oxocarbenium ion intermediates [1–5]. Since the charged intermediates are generally much too reactive, it is impossible to directly observe oxocarbenium ions, particularly in aqueous environments [6, 7].

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