Abstract

Friedmann solutions and higher-dimensional 5D Kaluza–Klein solutions using mathematical packages such as Sagemath and Cadabra are calculated. A modified Friedmann equation powered by loop quantum gravity in higher dimensions is calculated in this work. Loop quantization in extra-dimensional space is predicted. Modified equation of state for non-interacting dark matter and dark energy are calculated. It has been predicted that the higher curvature due to phantom density would be a local kind of quantized curvature. The modified Friedmann solutions with Kaluza–Klein interpretation are found. To achieve a conformal exit, the non-interacting solutions are discussed in this work. The obtained results are compared with the ΛCDM and quintessence models. The results support conformal cyclic cosmology, which predicts the conformal evolution of the universe without facing any singularity as the result of topological effects.

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