Abstract

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) offers high resolution morphological details and generates en-face images with excellent depth discrimination for visualizing different structures of the living human body non-invasively. There have been significant advances in technology since the CSLM was first defined. It has been used commonly, especially in ophthalmological area, in order to diagnose and give direction for the treatment of corneal pathologies. Ocular surface, corneal subbasal nerve plexus, filtering blebs of glaucoma surgery were also investigated widely by CSLM. With the improvements in CSLM technology over time, it is widely used in other fields than ophthalmology. The combined use of CSLM with the slit lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography will also lead to significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of more diseases in the future.

Highlights

  • Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) is a non-invasive imaging method for visualizing different structures of the living human body [1]

  • CSLM is compatible with three-dimensional (3D) live imaging provided by sequential acquisition of tomograms along the depth direction [3]

  • Recent technological breakthroughs have led to the development of CSLM, and it has reached the current level of high resolution that can be used in many areas today

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Summary

Introduction

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) is a non-invasive imaging method for visualizing different structures of the living human body [1]. CSLM provides morphological details with high resolution and generates en-face images with excellent depth discrimination [1, 2]. CSLM is compatible with three-dimensional (3D) live imaging provided by sequential acquisition of tomograms along the depth direction [3]. Recent technological breakthroughs have led to the development of CSLM, and it has reached the current level of high resolution that can be used in many areas today. We have attempted to summarize the principles of CSLM and the application in ophthalmological and non-ophthalmological areas of medicine. It was discussed how it could give an essential direction to medical development in the future

Principles of confocal scanning laser microscopy
Ophthalmological applications
Corneal fungal infections
Keratoconus
Subbasal nerve plexus
Contact lens
Ocular surface diseases
Glaucoma surgery
Non-ophthalmological applications
Future developments
Multiphoton microscopy
Slit lamp microscopy on a cellular level using CSLM
Conclusion
Findings
Conflict of interest
Full Text
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