Abstract
The planning of rural land depends, to a large extent, on the agreed-upon agrarian and forestry development model. Within the framework of agrarian multifunctionality, to evaluate different development alternatives and their effect on territorial planning, its multiple dimensions must be considered as well as the interests and needs of the stakeholders. This work thus addresses the comprehensive evaluation of development alternatives for the rural area of a municipality of the Basque Country (Spain) through the implementation of a multi-criteria evaluation method with social participation. The results show, firstly, the existence of trade-offs between the functions to be promoted in the various development models evaluated. Secondly, the results indicate the need to reverse recent trends in the sector and the convenience of moving towards an agro-livestock model of greater ecological and local character, independently of the followed forest model. In fact, the evaluation carried out also reveals, thirdly, the existence of more or less latent conflicts, in particular with regards to forest policy.
Highlights
The rural word encompasses a complex system in which agro-ecological, economic and political aspects interact in a dynamic way
NAIADE is an outranking method whose aggregation procedure consists of the following [99]: (1) pairwise comparison of alternatives through preference relationships; (2) calculation of preference intensity indices, which indicates how much better or worse an alternative is with respect to another; (3) aggregation of f f preference intensity indices and calculation of the indices + and −, that indicate how much better a certain alternative is compared to the rest and how much worse, respectively; (4) obtaining the ranking f f of alternatives according to the comparison between + and −, which is reflected as the intersection between both indices
Alternative 2b proposes an intense promotion of new agrarian models, such as organic farming, greenhouse agriculture, fruit, and livestock farms aimed at producing high quality products
Summary
The rural word encompasses a complex system in which agro-ecological, economic and political aspects interact in a dynamic way. Under the so-called second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), rural development policies have adopted an intersectoral approach and a more territory-oriented vision, paying attention to the relevance of ecological, social and cultural services that produce both agrarian and forest ecosystems [21,22]. This integrated vision of rural territory has been complemented, in turn, by two main territorial approaches and scales. The results obtained are later discussed together with the conclusions reached
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