Abstract
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for confirmatory analysis of four nitroimidazoles and three hydroxy metabolites in honey. Honey samples were dissolved in 2% formic acid solution and nitroimidazoles and metabolites were isolated and enriched by dispersive-solid phase extraction using mixed-mode strong cation-exchange sorbent. The determination involves separation of analytes on an UHPLC C18 column and detection by multiple reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode. The recovery of the method was ranged from 90.2 to 105.6% with inter-day relative standard deviations of less than 11.2%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the ranges of 0.02–0.07 µg/kg and 0.05–0.2 µg/kg, respectively. Honey samples from the market were analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
Highlights
Metronidazole (MNZ), ronidazole (RNZ), dimetridazole (DMZ), and ipronidazole (IPZ) are5-nitroimidazole-based veterinary drugs with antibiotic and anticoccidial activities. 5-Nitroimidazoles are primarily used for the treatment and prevention of certain bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry and swine
We have demonstrated the applicability of Oasis MCX cartridge which combines strong cation exchange and C18 reversed phase interactions in the cleanup and enrichment of nitroimidazoles in swine liver and kidney [17,21]
We tried to apply dispersive-solid phase extraction (d-SPE) using MCX sorbent which could omit sample loading compared to conventional SPE steps
Summary
Metronidazole (MNZ), ronidazole (RNZ), dimetridazole (DMZ), and ipronidazole (IPZ) are5-nitroimidazole-based veterinary drugs with antibiotic and anticoccidial activities. 5-Nitroimidazoles are primarily used for the treatment and prevention of certain bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry and swine. Metronidazole (MNZ), ronidazole (RNZ), dimetridazole (DMZ), and ipronidazole (IPZ) are. 5-Nitroimidazoles are primarily used for the treatment and prevention of certain bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry and swine. 5-nitroimidazole-based veterinary drugs with antibiotic and anticoccidial activities. They have been used as feed additives for growth promotion and improvement of feed efficiency. They have been banned from use in food producing animals in many countries [1,2] because of their potentially harmful effects on human health [3,4]
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