Abstract
In this work, a sulfidization mechanism of malachite was confirmed based on the depth profile product, principal component, and depth profile curve analyses of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The results showed that Cu/S species, including fragment ion peaks of Cu2S+, Cu3S+, S−, HS−, S2−, CuS2−, and CuS3−, were present in the inner layers of sulfidized malachite in the positive and negative spectral ranges 75–400 and 30–470 m/z. Na2S reacted with the surface and inner atoms, causing simultaneous sulfidization of malachite on the surface and in the inner layers. The inner layer mainly contained positive fragment ions with large Cu/S ratios. In summary, the interlayer sulfidization phenomenon was confirmed and the differences in sulfidization products between the surface and inner layers were determined.
Highlights
The malachite is pre-sulfidized with sulfidizing agents such as sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide [4]
In the 30–470 m/z negative segment, fragment ion peaks from S−, HS−, S2 −, CuS2 −, CuS4 O2 H−, and CuS3 − were detected. These results show that sulfur ions reacted with the surface and inner atoms of malachite, resulting in simultaneous sulfidization of the surface and inner layers of malachite
CuS4O2H−, and CuS3− were detected
Summary
It is one of the most important and common copper-bearing minerals from which copper is extracted [1,2,3]. Flotation has been the main method for recovering malachite. The malachite is pre-sulfidized with sulfidizing agents such as sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide [4]. A xanthate collector is added for flotation [4,5,6]. After the addition of sodium sulfide, the surface of the oxidized mineral quickly adsorbs
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