Confirmation and Quantitation of Cocaine, Benzoylecgonine, Ecgonine Methyl Ester, and Cocaethylene by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry:Use of Microwave Irradiation for Rapid Preparation of Trimethylsilyl and T-butyldimethylsilyl Derivatives

Abstract

The authors developed a technique by which cocaine metabolites as well as cocaethylene can be identified and quantitated using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and deuterated standards of benzoylecgonine, cocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, and cocaethylene as internal standards. The authors used a solid phase extraction (Clean Screen, Worldwide Monitoring Corporation, (Horsham, PA)) technique, and rapid derivatization of metabolites using microwave irradiation before GC/MS analysis. The t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives (prepared by microwave irradiation in 2.5 minutes, 640 Watts [W]) offered better baseline separation and chromatography than conventional trimethylsilyl derivatives. The assay was linear between 0.87-17.3 mumol/L of benzoylecgonine (250-5,000 ng/mL) concentration, 0.83-16.6 mumol/L of cocaine (250-5,000 ng/mL), 0.79-15.8 mumol/L of cocaethylene (250-5,000 ng/mL) and 1.25-25.1 mumol/L of ecgonine methyl ester (250-5,000 ng/mL). The yields are comparable between the microwave technique and conventional heating.