Abstract
This study seeks to evaluate the benefits of triaxial confinement that occur when the loaded area of a deep beam based on a strut-and-tie model (STM) is surrounded by concrete on all sides. Five full-scale beams with a span-depth ratio of 1.85 were fabricated and tested. Two tests were conducted on each beam. Eight tests were conducted on beams with a 21 x 42 in. (530 x 1070 mm) cross section, and two tests were conducted on beams with a 36 x 48 in. (910 x 1220 mm) cross section. The primary experimental variables were the size of the load- and support-bearing plates and the amount of web reinforcement. Results show that a node bound only by struts and a node bounded by two struts and a tie can achieve bearing stresses that are much higher than the compressive strength of concrete when triaxially confined by surrounding concrete. Findings also indicate that increasing the current ACI 318-08 efficiency factors prescribed at all nodal faces can result in more accurate STM calculations with less unnecessary conservatism.
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