Abstract
In recent decades, worldwide global warming and reduction in petroleum resources have accelerated researcher’s attention to produce alternative sustainable and environmentally clean transportation systems. Electrification of vehicular technology is capable of curbing the environmental pollution problem in an efficient and effective way, due to high efficiency electric motors, development and advancement in the field of power electronic devices, digital signal processing and advanced control techniques. This article presents a comprehensive review on different configurations/ architecture of electric vehicles(EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs), traction motors for electric propulsion system and high performance speed sensorless control of traction drive. The basic architecture key components of hybrid vehicle and different power train configurations with respect to applications and limitations are discussed. The integral part of electric propulsion system, traction motor classes for desired operational characteristics and limitations are summarized from a system perspective with the latest improvements. High performance traction motor control techniques are discussed with respect to automotive applications. Finally, speed sensorless control techniques research trends as well as an extensive review on rotor speed estimation techniques for robust and efficient sensorless traction drive control are highlighted. This article provides state of the art key global trends and tradeoff of various technologies with future trends and potential areas of research.
Highlights
Deterioration in air quality, global warming, reduction in petroleum resources and different burning questions regarding a pollution free healthy and clean environment have led to focus the researcher’s attention to produce energy efficient, emission free and enhanced performance electrified transport systems
The aim of this paper is to present a review on different state of the art powertrain configurations of electric vehicles (EVs)/hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), traction motors and their use in the electrified transport industry
Selection and size of electric motor is critically important for the fuel economy and the dynamic performance of HEV drive that is usually expressed by hybridization factor (HF): HF
Summary
Deterioration in air quality, global warming, reduction in petroleum resources and different burning questions regarding a pollution free healthy and clean environment have led to focus the researcher’s attention to produce energy efficient, emission free and enhanced performance electrified transport systems. In the United States, 98% of the transportation energy comes from the fossil fuels but most of it not efficiently utilized due to low efficiency of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles[4]. Almost all major automobile manufacturers are producing EVs and HEVs, but each manufacturer has targets to make cost effective, highly efficient and reliable vehicle with less fuel consumption and produce a sustainable alternative transportation system for the generation[16]. One of the main sources of concentration of this paper is sensorless control techniques, used for high dynamic performance applications such as EVs and HEVs. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 and 3 provide present research trends and comparison of advantages and disadvantages of different powertrain configuration for EVs/HEVs and traction motor technologies respectively.
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