Configuration, furniture layout, and earthquake hazards in campus buildings

Abstract

Indonesia is the most disaster-prone country in the world because it is geographically located in the ring of fire and tectonic plate confluence. Campus buildings have large occupancy of up to 10,000 students at a time, increasing their vulnerability to disasters. The 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake affected several campuses, such as soft stories and short columns. It is clarified that the movement and shifting of furniture during the earthquake caused 90% of casualties and injuries. This study aims to identify the physical characteristics of the campus in general as well as the potential for earthquake hazards, specifically in the aspects of building configuration and furniture layout. This research was conducted using the campus-watching method that allows the students to identify the risks in the campus building. This research found that the campus buildings in Indonesia generally had an elongated space configuration with O, I, T, L, and U shapes with a ratio of more than 1:2, causing a higher risk of earthquake hazards. The risk of the soft story was identified in the lobby. The short columns in the campus building were formed due to a consecutive halved window-wall application in the classrooms and were observed to be prone to weakening. Using movable furniture, glass partitions, and racks raises the risk during the earthquake. Tables inside the room can be utilized as a temporary safe place during the earthquake. So, it is essential to use sturdy tables and ensure sufficient tables to be used as a temporary shelter during an earthquake.