Cone-Beam Computed Tomography a Dynamic Tool for Assessment of Canalis Basilaris Medianus a Skull Anomaly – A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction: Canalis basilaris medianus (CBM) is an anomaly of basiocciput in the clivus at the skull's base, demonstrating six different morphological varieties. CBM can be associated with recurrent meningitis and various other cranial pathologies. It can be seen on maxillary cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan with comparatively less radiation dose than computed tomography (CT). Aim: The aim of this study is to determine a prevalence of CBM on CBCT. Objectives: The objectives of this study are: 1. To identify CBM on CBCT 2. To classify CBM according to their morphological types using CBCT. Methods and Material: This study included 300 maxillary CBCT scans retrieved from archival records from the CBCT diagnostic center, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, and the existence of CBM were examined. Scans of both genders with all age groups were selected. The existence of CBM was examined and classified based on its morphological type. Results: Chi-square test was used to carry out the descriptive statistics. The presence of CBM was found in 16 scans with a prevalence rate of 5.33%. Out of 16 scans, 10 (62.5%) were females, and 6 (37.5%) were males. Among them, 13 (81.25%) scans were superior recess variety, and 3 (18.75%) were inferior recess variety; other morphological types were absent. Conclusion: Although the prevalence rate of this anomaly is low, it is clinically significant as it may cause the spread of nasopharyngeal infections to the skull base. The present study revealed that a CBCT scan of the maxillary arch could provide a clear delineation of CBM with comparatively less radiation dose than CT. To the best of our knowledge, the recorded values of the prevalence rate of CBM available in current literature are lower compared to this first-ever study carried out in India.