Conductivity enhancement of Ag nanowire ink by decorating in situ formed Ag particles under low-temperature sintering

Abstract

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attractive applications in the fabrication of flexible electronics because of their adequate electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and oxidation resistance. However, the film produced by AgNW ink needs to be sintered at temperatures above 200 °C to obtain high electrical conductivity, which is incompatible with commonly used flexible substrates such as paper or polymer materials. In this study, the AgNW network was decorated by in situ reduced Ag particles (AgPs) to improve the structural integrity and conductivity of the film. After sintering at 80 °C, the pores and voids within the AgNW network were filled with Ag particles smaller than 200 nm, and the porosity of the film was markedly reduced. The lowest resistivity value was 3.9 × 10–5 Ω cm after sintering at 100 °C, only 10.8% and 8.5% of the resistivity values of the films produced from AgNW and ion inks, respectively. During sintering, Ag nucleated on the surface of AgNWs, and its growth and agglomeration resulted in interconnections between the AgNWs and Ag particles. Thereafter, the bridging and filling effect of the Ag particles facilitated the formation of a compact and firm network, improving the film conductivity. The line film printed from the composite ink with 10 layers exhibited a low resistivity of 7.3 × 10–7 Ω·m. Even after 5000 bending cycles, the resistivity of the line only increased by 4.47 × 10–6 Ω·cm from the initial value. The composite ink reported in this study is a promising candidate for the low-cost printing of ultralow-power-consumption wearable electronic devices.