Abstract
Microwave plasma splitting of biogas to solid carbon forms is a promising technique to produce large quantities of sustainable carbon based nano materials. Well defined graphitic nano carbons have been produced exhibiting graphene multilayers in turbostratic packing. After heat treatment, the purified material has been used to formulate stable, aqueous dispersions. These dispersions are used directly as inks, allowing the preparation of conductive membranes with remarkable resistivity. Nano carbons derived by plasma processes constitute a promising alternative to carbon black because they can be prepared from renewable sources of methane or natural gas, are calibrated in size, exhibit high conductivity, and have promising perspectives for chemical and material science purposes.
Highlights
The element carbon, with its rich family of allotropes, lately on the nanometer scale, has attracted a broad interest resulting in a remarkable number of publications and patents [1]
X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have been performed to study the content of crystalline parts of the five carbon samples before (NC0 - nano carbon sample (NC) 4) and the five different carbon samples after heat treatment (NCHT0 NCHT4)
From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data, two conclusions can be drawn: i) the carbon lattice is stable under air up to 600 C, above that temperature total burning of the carbon lattice occurs. ii) about 10e25% of the total mass can be removed by thermal treatment between 20 and 500 C
Summary
The element carbon, with its rich family of allotropes, lately on the nanometer scale, has attracted a broad interest resulting in a remarkable number of publications and patents [1]. The as-produced biogas is nowadays mainly used for energy production It is a renewable source of hydrogen [10] and simultaneously an interesting feedstock for the production of sustainable graphitic nano carbons. Hof et al / Carbon 111 (2017) 142e149 feasible and technologically relevant Due to their intrinsic size and defined chemical structure, the nano carbons described here can be directly used to formulate conductive inks with superior conductive properties. These materials fit well between graphene and carbon black and constitute a promising and exciting alternative to established carbon blacks due to their well-defined nature, conductivity performances, and sustainability
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