Abstract
In this article, we introduce for the first time, a method to manufacture cellulose based electrically conductive non-woven three-dimensional (3D) structures using the foam forming technology. The manufacturing is carried out using a minimum amount of processing steps, materials, and hazardous chemicals. The optimized solution applies a single surfactant type and a single predefined portion for the two main processing steps: (1) the dispersing of nanocellulose (NC) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) and (2) the foam forming process. The final material system has a concentration of the used surfactant that is not only sufficient to form a stable and homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion, but it also results in stable foam in foam forming. In this way, the advantages of the foam forming process can be maximized for this application. The cellulose based composite material has a highly even distribution of CNTs over the NC network, resulting a conductivity level of 7.7 S/m, which increased to the value 8.0 S/m after surfactant removal by acetone washing. Also, the applicability and a design product case ‘Salmiakki’ were studied where the advantages of the material system were validated for a heating element application.
Highlights
Scientific and industrial research communities are giving considerable attention to smart and functional materials that are based on renewable bio-based resources and are processed in eco-friendly ways
We introduce for the first time a method to manufacture cellulose based non-woven three-dimensional (3D) structures that are electrically conductive
The conductivity and mechanical performance of the final parameter set for the preparation led to
Summary
Scientific and industrial research communities are giving considerable attention to smart and functional materials that are based on renewable bio-based resources and are processed in eco-friendly ways. Cellulose is a very potential substance as it is a bio-based material and it can be used as a matrix when manufacturing functional structures. Scientific and technological development is mature for the emergence of controlled multi-length materials that take advantage of different forms of cellulose applied in optimal ways. The added functionality requires developing new manufacturing processes and, especially, adjusting the colloid dispersion upon material production [1,2]. We introduce for the first time a method to manufacture cellulose based non-woven three-dimensional (3D) structures that are electrically conductive. The manufacturing of the conductive non-wovens is done using a minimum amount of processing steps, materials, and hazardous chemicals
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