Abstract
Semiconductor molecular films based on a gallium phthalocyanine chloride (GaPcCl) and a bidentate amine were prepared by using vacuum thermal evaporation and electrochemical techniques in order to investigate the preferred conduction paths within the films. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were employed to characterize the morphology of the films. The conductivity measurements were performed with two different methods in order to investigate preferential conduction directions. The film transverse conductivity was obtained by using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and the in-plane film conductivity was measured with a four-point probe system. From spectroscopy measurements, the tunneling conductance (dI/dV) was also obtained. From these results, it was found that the conductive nature of the films was strongly influenced by the deposition technique which in turn defined the morphological characteristics of the film. The evaporated method showed better conductivity response and provided semiconductor characteristics in the film transverse direction with an in-plane ohmic response. Finally, contact angle measurements were performed and showed hydrophobic characteristics in all cases.
Highlights
Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) are very stable pi-conjugated macrocyclic aromatic compounds coordinated to metal elements that show high chemical and thermal stability and a very strong optical absorption in the visible region [1]
Metal phthalocyanine molecules have been employed as organic compounds for many high-technology applications such as photoconductivity, non-linear optics, catalysis, chemical sensors and photovoltaic cells, among others [1] [2]
Several studies have been devoted to investigating physical and chemical properties of electrodeposited metal phthalocyanines such as LiPc [14], CuPc [15], MnPc [16] and FePc [17], among others; up to our knowledge, no work has been done to produce gallium phthalocyanines (GaPcs) films by using electrodeposition methods in order to investigate the influence of the metal ion, the oxidation state, the electrolytic bath composition and the ligands in the structural properties of the films, among others [18]-[21]
Summary
Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) are very stable pi-conjugated macrocyclic aromatic compounds coordinated to metal elements that show high chemical and thermal stability and a very strong optical absorption in the visible region [1]. In order to produce suitable materials for optical applications, gallium phthalocyanines complexes have been deposited as thin films by using spin-coating [10] [11] and vacuum sublimation [8] [12] [13] techniques. Several studies have been devoted to investigating physical and chemical properties of electrodeposited metal phthalocyanines such as LiPc [14], CuPc [15], MnPc [16] and FePc [17], among others; up to our knowledge, no work has been done to produce GaPcs films by using electrodeposition methods in order to investigate the influence of the metal ion, the oxidation state, the electrolytic bath composition and the ligands in the structural properties of the films, among others [18]-[21]. It is worth mentioning that in addition to the previous aspects, electrodeposition has become a very interesting film formation technique since the thickness of the films can be accurately controlled to produce very thin layers by controlling the electrochemical parameters
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