Conduction of early afterdepolarizations in sheep Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle: An in vitro arrhythmia model

Abstract

To establish an arrhythmia generator model, a double-chambered bath was used in which sheep Purkinje fibers (PF) and ventricular muscle (VM) were placed. The conduction patterns of early afterdepolarization-induced triggered activations (TAs) were examined between normal segments bathed in unmodified Tyrode solution and abnormal segments bathed in ethylenediaminetetraacetate (3.3–5.0 mmol). Three types of preparations were used: PF-PF (n = 10), VM-VM (n = 5), and PF-VM (n = 13). Two types of spontaneous TAs appeared. One type was conducted to normal segments, inducing activations over the entire preparation, while the other type was not conducted. The conducting TAs had significantly more rapid mean dV dt , larger amplitude, and higher peak transmembrane voltage as compared to nonconducting TAs. While conduction occurred in all PF-PF, VM-VM, and PF-VM preparations, conduction of TAs from abnormal segment VM to normal segment PF was impaired. A low plateau resulting from electrotonic transmission of depolarizing current from abnormal segments was recorded in normal segments near the border. This low plateau probably facilitated the transmission of TAs. In addition to spontaneous TAs, stimulated or spontaneous action potentials from NL were conducted to the not yet fully repolarized ABN and induced activations resembling TAs. These results may be relevant to clinical arrhythmias due to action potential prolongation. The arrhythmia may occur directly as a result of triggered activity or indirectly via slow conducting TAs, creating the possibility for reentry. This type of model may be useful for intervention studies, for example, by identifying agents that block abnormal segment to normal segment conduction.