Abstract
The development of sophisticated telecommunication equipment and other electro-electronic devices resulted in a kind of electromagnetic pollution that affects the performance of other equipment as well as the health of human beings. Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICP), mainly polyaniline and polypyrrole, have been considered as promising candidates for applications in efficient electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) due to their ease of preparation, light weight, good conductivity and corrosion resistance. One of the important advantages of these materials is the capability to interact with the EM radiation through both absorption and reflection mechanisms thus enlarging the field of application. In this context, this review article describes a recent overview of the existing methods to produce intrinsically conducting polymers and their blends for electromagnetic shielding application. Additionally, it highlights the relationship between preparation methods reported in the literature with the structure and properties, such as electrical conductivity, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), complex permittivity and permeability of these materials. Furthermore, a brief theory related to the electromagnetic mechanism and techniques for measuring the microwave absorbing properties are also discussed.
Highlights
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a kind of environmental pollution caused by natural phenomena and by electronic devices [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Radiation in a broadband of frequencies. Some of these systems are able to attenuate more than 90% of the EM incident radiation (RL < 10 dB) in a wide frequency range, which is very important for several applications in electro-electronic devices
The interest of developing thin, flexible and lightweight EM shielding materials to expand their applications in portable devices, microwave protecting clothes, etc., has resulted in a great amount of research involving the impregnation of Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICP) on the surface of textiles via in situ polymerization
Summary
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a kind of environmental pollution caused by natural phenomena (such as solar flares, electrostatic discharge, etc.) and by electronic devices [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Intrinsic conducting polymers (ICP), mainly polyaniline (PAni) and polypyrrol (PPy), are promising candidates for developing microwave absorbing materials due to their versatility of preparation with tunable conductivity, light weight, low cost of the reagents, and high conductivity at microwave frequencies They can interact with the EM radiation through an absorption mechanism. Wang published an interesting review in 2014 focused on PAni/inorganic composites mainly prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of carbon materials, ferrite and other inorganic materials [6] They presented some examples involving PAni with some insulating polymers, like epoxy resin (ER), polyurethane (PU), rubber and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) [6]. The conducting nanocomposites based on carbonaceous nanomaterials as fillers have become popular due to the greater accessibility of low-cost carbon materials, like CNT and GNP, the nanocomposites involving ICP present some peculiar characteristics such as anti-corrosion and anti-fouling properties
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