Abstract
Special features of initiation and growth of short cracks under stresses above the fatigue limit are studied for a wide range of metals and alloys. The authors analyze the growth kinetics of short fatigue cracks, which is assessed by the dependence of crack length or crack growth rate on the number of loading cycles. The transition from the stage of short crack propagation (nonlocalized fatigue damage) to the stage of a main crack propagation (localized fatigue damage) is shown to be characterized by a more intensive increase of the crack growth rate. A procedure for determination of the main crack sizes corresponding to the transition from nonlocalized to localized fatigue damage has been substantiated. It has been found out that the fatigue crack sizes corresponding to this transition at stresses above the fatigue limit decrease with increasing stresses and remain smaller than those at stresses equal to the fatigue limit.
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