Abstract
This article outlines problems related to the location of facilities designed to treat the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). Anaerobic digestion (AD) facilities are investigated as a treatment option, while taking into account the aspects of renewable energy generation. This research has been spurred on by the relationship between waste management, energy generation issues and spatial planning procedures. The analysis is focused on urban and semi-urban areas of medium and large cities. One of the most difficult issues associated with siting of waste processing plants is its integration with local infrastructures, avoiding conflicts and negative environmental impacts at the same time. This research aims to analyse possible locations for AD plants fuelled by OFMSW in Poland. Based on the experience gained from other countries and lessons learnt from the analysis of existing facilities in Europe, conditions for the location of this type of waste treatment plants have been defined, with the focus on economic, environmental and social issues. Most likely, the results of the multicriteria decision analysis for siting of municipal solid waste AD plants (M-BIST tool) could be transferred to other countries, especially those with a comparable GDP level and a similar framework for a waste management system.
Highlights
Changing requirements in waste management—ever-demanding limits for the recovery and recycling on the one hand (BiPRO 2012), and waste storage restrictions on the other— have been a driving force for the development of new and retrofits of existing waste treatment facilities (Di Maria et al 2012)
Considering above statements, four basic types of waste treatment facilities based on the Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology were defined for the purpose of this study: (1) AD at mechanical–biological treatment (MBT) plants fuelled by the organic fraction (OF) from mixed municipal solid waste (MSW), (2) AD plants fuelled by SSO, (3) plants fuelled by SSO in codigestion in agricultural AD plants, where SSO is an admixture to agricultural substrates, (4) agricultural biogas plants (Fig. 1)
Over 60 % of the existing AD facilities in Europe, which are fuelled by the OFMSW, have been processed in the SSO mode
Summary
Changing requirements in waste management—ever-demanding limits for the recovery and recycling on the one hand (BiPRO 2012), and waste storage restrictions on the other— have been a driving force for the development of new and retrofits of existing waste treatment facilities (Di Maria et al 2012). The proximity of a treatment facility and to a waste generation point is a desired economical option (Eiselt and Marianov 2015), while inhabitants tend to prefer outermost locations due to neighbourhood reluctance and NIMBY (not in my back yard) phenomena (Hermansson 2007; Kikuchi and Gerardo 2009). Such circumstances translate into difficulties to find suitable locations for waste treatment facilities in the vicinity of medium and large cities, with a high demand for such investments (Achillas et al 2011; Generowicz et al 2011; Khadivi and Ghomi 2012)
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