Conditions associated with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among community-dwelling older people

Rita De Cássia Da Silva Almeida Lira Lira,Adrielle Cavalcanti De Pontes Araújo,Ana Célia Oliveira Dos Santos,Ulisses Taddei,Amanda Carla Corrêa Viana

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i14.22205

Rita De Cássia Da Silva Almeida Lira Lira, Adrielle Cavalcanti De Pontes Araújo + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.22205

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Abstract

Objective: to investigate the factors associated with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) in community-dwelling older people. Methods: This was a cross-sectional community-based study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the cutoff points of hand grip strength (HGS), and SO was identified through a low HGS concomitant with a high body fat percentage, according to sex, determined using electrical bioimpedance. Calorie and protein intake was estimated using a 24-hour recall. Socio-demographic data were obtained by means of an interview and the level of physical activity was assessed using a specific instrument. Results: Prevalence of 43% and 19.6% were observed for sarcopenia and SO, respectively. Older people aged ≥ 70 years have a significantly higher risk for sarcopenia in 183% (PR = 2.83; 95% CI = [1.62 to 4.96]; p value < 0.001) compared to those aged 60 to 69 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in males, among those who contribute to family support, present comorbidities and are less physically active. The prevalence of SO and sarcopenia was high, but this study did not allow us to observe statistically significant associations. Calorie and protein intakes were predominantly inadequate throughout the sample, however, there was no association with sarcopenia and SO. Conclusion: Advance years of life was shown to be a factor associated with sarcopenia, and with SO. Contributing to family support and insufficient physical activity were determining conditions for the occurrence of sarcopenia.

Highlights

Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength (Dent et al, 2018; Choi, 2016; Janssen, 2011)
This study has aimed to investigate the occurrence and factors associated with sarcopenia and Sarcopenic obesity (SO) in community-dwelling older people
The prevalence of sarcopenia, by predicting a low hand grip strength (HGS), was 43%, and when a combination of the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) and a low HGS was 21.56%, and a low HGS associated with a low ASMMI with the Gait speed (GS), the prevalence was 1.96%, the latter association being classified as severely sarcopenic

Summary

Introduction

Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength (Dent et al, 2018; Choi, 2016; Janssen, 2011). In community-dwelling older people, the prevalence of sarcopenia ranges from 1% to 29% (Cruz-Jentoft et al, 2014). Changes in body composition in older people are associated with a sedentary lifestyle, poor eating habits, insulin resistance and muscle fatty infiltration. These conditions influence muscle inflammation, concomitant with the natural aging process, which results in a loss of muscle mass and function, impairing the physical performance of older people (Morley et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2019). The double metabolic burden of obesity and sarcopenia potentiates unfavorable health outcomes for older people, such as frailty, chronic non-communicable, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, a lower quality of life and higher morbidity and mortality rates (Tian & Xu, 2016; Lombardo et al, 2019; Waters, Hale, Grant, Herbison, & Goulding, 2010)

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