Abstract
Three experiments are described in which rats were given the experience of electric shock, food deprivation, and water deprivation while being confined in a white compartment. Subsequently reduction of these states was secured by allowing the animals to escape to a black compartment where, depending on the experiment, there was absence of shock, food available, water available. When the rats were re-placed in the white compartment in the absence of shock, or satiated for food or water, it was found that they learned to operate a bar and a wheel to escape into the black compartment. Since it was also found that the subjects would also operate a bar or a wheel, or both devices, to pass from black to white compartments, in many cases, attachment of states of “fear”, hunger, or thirst, to whiteness and the alleviation of these states to blackness was discounted. A general escape association to the apparatus as a whole was hypothesized.
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