Condensation phases in a non-Hermitian optical lattices system

Abstract

We explore the condensate phase of single-species bosons in an optical lattice through the use of dissipative Bose–Hubbard models. The ground state of system possesses a real-energy, which corresponds to non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with non-reciprocal hopping phase factors. Through the application of inhomogeneous dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field theory (DGMFT), we predict a fascinating phenomenon: the ground state displays a periodic arrangement of superfluid islands amidst a Mott insulator sea. Additionally, the number of superfluid islands is proportional to the spatial period squared.