Abstract
The American youth-sports movement has changed dramatically in the past 30 years. Whereas adolescent sport was once confined mainly to boys playing on school-sponsored teams such as football, basketball, and track, the sports world for children and adolescents today is markedly different. As of 2006, there were ∼30 million children and adolescents under the age of 18 involved in athletics in the United States. Because of the tremendous success of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, there are nearly equal numbers of males and females currently participating on school-sponsored sports teams. In addition to the evolution of participant demographics, a number of other changes have occurred also, … Address correspondence to Jordan D. Metzl, MD, Sports Medicine Institute for Young Athletes, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021. E-mail: metzlj{at}hss.edu
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