Concussion diagnosis and recovery in relation to collegiate athletic department classification: a LIMBIC MATARS consortium investigation

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose We investigated time to reach concussion diagnosis and recovery milestones in collegiate athletes relative to their schools’ National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) classification. Methods We retrospectively examined 849 (43.1% female) concussion cases from 11 NCAA institutions (Division I Power 5 [n = 4], Division I Non-Power 5 [n = 4], and Division II/III [n = 3]) from the 2015–16 to 2019–20 athletic seasons. Our primary outcome measures were days to reach specific clinical milestones following concussion. Results Median (IQR) time from injury to diagnosis was significantly longer at Division II/III institutions (1 [0–4] days) compared to Division I Power 5 (0 [0–1] days) and Division I Non-Power 5 (0 [0–1] days) institutions (p < 0.001). Likewise, Division II/III athletes (15 [11–22] days) took significantly longer to return to sport after concussion than Division I Power 5 (10 [7–16] days) and Division I Non-Power 5 (11 [7–18.5] days) athletes (p < 0.001). Conclusion Division II/III athletes had delayed concussion diagnoses and return to sport timelines compared to Division I athletes. Our results suggest that differences in sports medicine resources across NCAA divisions may influence injury recognition and recovery in collegiate athletes with concussion.