Abstract
Many problems and difficulties in elementary school arithmetic can be resolved through: (1) better instructional methods, (2) more instructional materials (3) better instructional materials, (4) concrete materials for each basic phase of the subject, and most important (5) the know how in using materials in the classroom. Concrete materials for teaching and learning should have: (1) the property of being handled in such a way as to conduct a learning situation to the handler or observer, (2) the inherent structure to present to the learner a sequential pattern leading to the abstract, and (3) a specific relation and application to the subject being treated which, at the same time, gives an immediate experience into reality. Concrete materials will enable the child to participate in discovery and develop organization and insight.
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