Abstract
Concrete is a non-Newtonian fluid which is a counterexample of Jeffrey fluid. The flow of Jeffrey fluid is considered containing nanostructures of zinc oxide in this study. The flow of the nanofluid is modeled in terms of partial fractional differential equations via Atangana–Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative approach and then solved using the integral transformation. Specifically, the applications are discussed in the field of concrete and cement industry. The variations in heat transfer rate and skin friction have been observed for different values of volume fractions of nanoparticles. The results show that by adding 4% Z n O nanoparticles increase skin friction up to 15%, ultimately enhancing the adhesion capacity of concrete. Moreover, Z n O increase the density of concrete, minimizing the pores in the concrete and consequently increasing the strength of concrete. The solutions are simplified to the corresponding solutions of the integer ordered model of Jeffrey-nanofluid. Applications of this work can be found in construction engineering and management such as buildings, roads, tunnels, bridges, airports, railroads, dams, and utilities.
Highlights
One of the recent areas of research is nanotechnology, which covers a wide range of studies in civil engineering and construction
The results showed that the concrete with small size of nanoparticles (15 nm) was harder than the concrete with large size of nanoparticles
The unsteady flow of generalized Jeffrey nanofluid in a channel is analyzed in this study
Summary
One of the recent areas of research is nanotechnology, which covers a wide range of studies in civil engineering and construction. Yousefzadeh et al [24] have presented a numerical modelling and investigation for the flow of nanofluid with different heat transfer areas They have used the solid silver nanoparticles having volume fraction 0%, 2%, and 4% in the base fluids to enhance the heat transfer. Using the idea of fractional derivatives, Khan et al [48] studied the flow of nanofluids, in which sodium alginate is chosen is a base fluid. They have generalized the model with Atangana–Baleanu (AB) derivative. Gohar et al [53], presented the study of hybrid nanofluids using the fractional derivatives and discussed their application in the cement-based materials.
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