Concordance of distinguishing electrocardiographic features during sinus rhythm with the location of accessory pathways in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Abstract

Knowledge of the location of accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is pertinent to patient management. Despite the recognition that features of delta waves present during maximal preexcitation reflect ventricular activation at different sites around the anulus fibrosus, the value of electrocardiographic patterns observed during sinus rhythm, when ventricular preexcitation is often not maximal for identifying accessory pathway locations, has not been determined. In this study, 12-lead electrocardiograms recorded during sinus rhythm from 66 patients with WPW syndrome were analyzed for delta-wave polarity, QRS axis in the frontal plane, the pattern of precordial R-wave transition, and concordance between electrocardiographic patterns and the site of the accessory pathway determined using catheter and intraoperative computer mapping. Electrocardiograms from patients with left lateral sites showed negative delta waves in leads I or aVL, a normal QRS axis and early precordial R-wave transition (20 of 24 patients); left posterior sites manifested negative delta waves in II, III and aVF and a prominent R wave in V 1 (14 of 16 patients); posteroseptal sites had negative delta waves in II, III and aVF, a superior QRS axis and an R < S in V 1 (all 16 patients); right free wall locations manifested negative delta waves in aVR, a normal QRS axis, and R-wave transition in V 3-V 5 (6 of 6 patients); and anterior septal sites had negative delta waves in V 1 and V 2, a normal QRS axis, and R-wave transition in V 3-V 5 (4 of 4 patients). Characteristic electrocardiographic patterns were not observed in 5 patients because of insufficient preexcitation. Each had a left lateral or left posterior pathway. Overall, the proposed electrocardiographic criteria derived during sinus rhythm identified correctly the accessory pathway location in 60 of 66 patients (91%). Thus, the electrocardiogram provides the physician with a reliable noninvasive means of regionalizing the location of accessory pathways in patients with WPW syndrome.