Abstract
Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are characterized by time-varying and partially connected network topology. In such networks, mobility of node may be by virtue of its carrier. Social beings such as humans may act as a carrier of mobile nodes, and therefore mobility pattern of node follows a social-based movement model. Due to intermittent connectivity, end-to-end path between source and destination is rare and therefore message delivery is a challenge in such networks. In this paper, we present a new routing approach, context-aware community-oriented routing (CONCOR) that exploits the community and the context awareness of nodes, for efficient message delivery. Nodes with a common point of interest form a dynamic community. We have identified a set of node’s attribute (context) and formulated a utility function to determine its capability to deliver a message. CONCOR is a multihop routing approach exploiting the nodes as message relays (store-carry-forward). Through simulation, we validated the effectiveness of node’s attributes in estimation of message delivery probability. The simulations were done for our approach using the social movement-based data set on Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator. We compared our approach with dynamic social grouping (DSG)-based routing and context-aware routing(CAR) on three metrics viz. message delivery ratio, message traffic ratio and average message delay. We found that the results of our approach outperforms the DSG and CAR on all the three metrics.
Highlights
A Delay-Tolerant Network is an occasionally connected network that may experience frequent, long-duration partitioning and may never have an end-to-end contemporaneous path.Research in the area of Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) has been receiving considerable attention in the last few years owing to their widespread occurrence in a variety of applications such as : a) InterPlaNetary(IPN) internet project [1], b) Wizzy digital courier service which provides asynchronous internet access to schools in remote villages of South Africa [2], c) transmission of information/message during mission critical operations like natural disasters or battle zones.One of the earliest approach proposed for routing in partitioned networks is epidemic routing [3]
We present a routing approach, contextaware community-oriented routing (CONCOR), that exploits the existence of social groups [10] along with the context awareness of nodes for efficient routing of the messages in DTN
We show that our approach outperforms both dynamic social grouping (DSG) and CAR (Context-Aware Routing using source-based routing approach) in terms of message delivery ratio, average delay per delivered message and average message traffic per delivered message
Summary
A Delay-Tolerant Network is an occasionally connected network that may experience frequent, long-duration partitioning and may never have an end-to-end contemporaneous path. The two approaches exploit only opportunistic contact wherein a message is forwarded by a node, say A, to the first node, say B, encountered with higher delivery probability than A. In [13,20], authors presented an approach that combines the advantage of social grouping and message forwarding based on message delivery probability of a node. In [23], routing scheme has been proposed that computes message delivery probability of a node on the basis of buffer space. In [2], authors have proposed an approach for routing in DTN using modified Dijkstra algorithm They assume that the DTN nodes possess the knowledge about the time and duration of contact.
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