Concomitant role of metal clusters and ligands in the synthesis and control of porosity in Metal-Organic Frameworks: A literature review

Abstract

A clossal increase in the number of research articles on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been anticipated as next-generation functional materials. The characteristic coordination behavior between metal ion and organic linker in MOFs provide them hydrid functional features of both the moieties. For the substantial improved performance of MOFs and to achieve widespread applications of MOFs in diverse fields, it is essential to develop effective synthetic strategies and understand the role of metal ion cluster or coordination sphere or secondary building units (SBU’s) and organic linker in detail. The augmentation in porosity and large surface area with multitude in diverse topologies provide a boost for the application of these materials in diverse allied fields. This review article provides a detailed introduction of the porous MOF materials; encompassing the role of secondary building units or metal cluster and organic linkers in defining the porosity of MOF materials. Detailed investigations about the role of metal ion clusters and expanded organic linkers that lead to MOFs with ultrahigh porosity have been done and portrayed carefully. The structural aspects of zirconium, zinc and copper cluster based porous MOFs and organic linkers (porphyrin and pyrene based) have been thoroughly portrayed owing to their various application in various fields. This review article will provide better understanding about the various factors involved in synthesis and controll of the porosity toward desired applications.