Concomitant Effect of Quercetin- and Magnesium-Doped Calcium Silicate on the Osteogenic and Antibacterial Activity of Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration.

Arul Murugan Preethi,Jayesh R Bellare

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10101170

Arul Murugan Preethi, Jayesh R Bellare

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101170

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Journal: Antibiotics	Publication Date: Sep 27, 2021
Citations: 6	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Abstract

Quercetin is a bioflavonoid which has a broad spectrum of biological activity. Due to its lower chemical stability, it is usually encapsulated, or a metal–quercetin complex is formed to enhance its biological activity at a lower concentration. Here, our novel approach was to form a quercetin complex to magnesium-doped calcium silicate (CMS) ceramics through a coprecipitation technique so as to take advantage of quercetin’s antibacterial activity within the antibacterial and osteogenic potential of the silicate. Due to quercetin’s inherent metal-chelating ability, (Ca+Mg)/Si increased with quercetin concentration. Quercetin in magnesium-doped calcium silicate ceramic showed concentration-dependent pro-oxidant and antioxidant activity in SaOS-2 with respect to quercetin concentration. By optimizing the relative concentration, we were able to achieve 3-fold higher proliferation and 1.6-fold higher total collagen at day 14, and a 1.7-fold higher alkaline phosphatase production at day 7 with respect to polycaprolactone/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PCL/PVP) scaffold. Quercetin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria such as S. aureus. Quercetin is coupled with CMS provided similar effect with lower quercetin concentration than quercetin alone. Quercetin reduced bacterial adhesion, proliferation and biofilm formation. Therefore, quercetin-coupled magnesium-doped calcium silicate not only enhanced osteogenic potential, but also reduced bacterial adhesion and proliferation.

Highlights

Designing resorbable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering is a multifactorial design problem
The objective of this article is to investigate the effect of quercetin–calcium silicate (CMS) systems on their ability to enhance osteoblast activity using human osteosarcoma (SaOS-2) cell lines and on their ability to resist bacterial adhesion and proliferation
Incorporation of quercetin increased the Mg/Ca ratio in the nanoparticle, and (Ca+Mg)/Si was found to be higher for the CMSQ10 nanoparticle (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Designing resorbable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering is a multifactorial design problem. The current design aspect of scaffold design requires it to reduce/prevent microbial adhesion and growth and, if possible, kill the microbes, as well as aid in successful bone regeneration. Many synthetic polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL) do not possess inherent antibacterial property. Passive resistance against bacteria can be provided by making the scaffold hydrophilic. This can be achieved by including polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Other routes to incorporate antibacterial properties into scaffold can be through the addition of nanoparticle and/or through antibiotics [1]. One section of research focuses on identifying biomolecules that can offer properties such as those of antibiotics and support tissue regeneration

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