Conclusion

Abstract

This book has examined the important role played by nuns in the foundation of Buddhism in Japan in the sixth century. Drawing on participant-observation, interviews, and surveys, it has shown that nuns belonging to the Sōtō Zen sect acted as preservers and creators of Buddhist tradition and as bearers and transmitters of traditional Japanese culture. Focusing on Aichi Senmon Nisōdō, one of the leading Sōtō women's monasteries in Japan, the book has documented these female monastics' history of triumph over the male-dominated sect institution's regulations and structures, along with the relationship between their monastic life and the ideals of the community. Its findings also refute many of the misconceptions about nuns, for example, that they are weak, oppressed, do not play a significant role in Zen Buddhism or Japanese society, and have not made any real gains in the twentieth century. Finally, the book has highlighted the significance of Zen nuns in at least three realms: traditional monasticism, traditional Japanese culture, and advancing women's opportunities.