Abstract
In the last decade of the twentieth century, four competing visions vied for influence in the Middle East: George Bush’s vision of a New World Order, Saddam Hussein’s New Arab Order, Turgut Ozal’s New Turkic World, and Shimon Peres’s New Middle East. This profusion of visions emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and with it the Cold War regime that had dominated the region—and indeed the world—for a large part of the twentieth century. In the Middle East, the catalyst was Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait and all its ramifications, and perhaps another impetus was the approaching end of a turbulent millennium and the beginning of a new one, with its aura of apocalyptic visions and expectations—not least in the Middle East.
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