Abstract
It is known that the main quantitative characteristics of hearing in man can be obtained by so-called psychophysical methods. In these methods, the responses to sound stimuli are based upon the use of verbal instructions. This paper gives a description of methods of measurement of hearing based upon the use of other different responses to sound stimuli, worked out by the author and his collaborators. For this purpose, a set of different conditioned responses was used (galvanic skin-reflexes, eye-lid reflexes, electrocortical reactions, etc.). The data obtained by these methods show the following: (1) Absolute auditory thresholds and difference limens for frequency and intensity of pure tones can be measured with the same accuracy by these reactions as by verbal responses. (2) In certain cases, conditioned reflexes subliminal to the verbal responses in the range of 1 to 6 db may be detected. (3) Changes of absolute and differential sensitivity attaining 25 to 30 db, and dependent on the condition under which the reactions take place, can be detected. The presented data of hearing measurements obtained by means of different responses are considered highly characteristic of the process of sound discrimination in man and animals.
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