Abstract
In this study, the basic configuration and operation concept of a CO2 terminal were identified by conducting a system engineering process. The performance goal of a CO2 terminal was determined by requirement analysis. Then, functions and timelines were derived by functional analysis to meet the performance goal. Equipment to perform the functions were defined and finally, a process flow block diagram of the CO2 terminal was acquired. The CO2 terminal in this study consisted of three parts. First, the CO2 loading/unloading part is responsible for liquid CO2 unloading from the carrier and loading vapor CO2 onto the carrier. Secondly, the liquid CO2 transmission part extracts liquid CO2 from the storage tanks and increases the pressure until it satisfies the offshore pipeline transportation condition. The vapor-treatment part collects boil-off gas, generates vapor CO2, and charges the storage tanks with vapor CO2 to control the pressure of the storage tanks that discharge liquid CO2. Finally, the study results were compared with a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal. The biggest difference between the CO2 terminal in this study and the LNG terminal is that a vaporizer is essential in the CO2 terminal due to the smaller storage capacity of the CO2 terminal and, therefore, the lower amount of boil-off gas.
Highlights
Many efforts are underway worldwide to reduce atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), which is a dominant cause of global warming
The chaincan canbe beexpressed expressed a functional flow block diagram, as depicted in Figure we focused on theon we omitted the explanation of a functional flow block diagram of the
This Carbon capture and storage (CCS) chain aims to store 1 million tons of CO2 annually, which can be converted into a daily transport rate of 2740 tons/day
Summary
Many efforts are underway worldwide to reduce atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), which is a dominant cause of global warming. 2 ◦ C, the annual amount of greenhouse gas emissions should be less than approximately 14 Gt CO2 by 2050, which is about a 60% reduction compared with the current level [1]. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) can be an attractive greenhouse gas reduction option for these countries [2]. Many studies have focused on the capture and storage aspects, but few have focused on transportation [4,5]. Interest is growing in the transportation aspect as it has been shown to be responsible for a high proportion of the costs in CCS projects [6]
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