Abstract
Effective management of water resource is essential in arid and semi-arid areas of India. In Bihar, for drinking purpose humans, livestock is dependent on the groundwater as well as in agricultural areas groundwater plays an important role in irrigation directly or indirectly. There is rise in the groundwater demand due to rapid population increase and fast industrialization. To meet this groundwater demand, excessive withdrawal of groundwater is a point of concern due to limited storage of it. Assessment of the groundwater was done by preparing a numerical model of the groundwater flow. This model is capable of solving large groundwater problems and associated complexity with it. In this study, a transient multi-layered groundwater flow model was conceptualized and developed for the Koshi River basin. In north Bihar plains, the Koshi River is one of the biggest tributaries of the Ganga River system. Koshi originates from the lower part of Tibet and joins the Ganga River in Katihar district, Bihar, India. After model development, calibration of the model was also done, by considering three model parameters, to represent the actual field conditions. For validation of the model, fifteen observation wells have been selected in the area. With the help of observation well data, computed and observed heads were compared. Comparison results have been found to be encouraging and the computed groundwater head matched with the observed water head to a realistic level of accuracy. Developed groundwater model is used to predict the groundwater head and flow budget in the concerned area. The study revealed that groundwater modeling is an important method for knowing the behavior of aquifer systems and to detect groundwater head under different varying hydrological stresses. This type of study will be beneficial for the hydrologist and water resource engineers to predict the groundwater flow behavior, before implementing any project or to implement a correction scheme.
Highlights
Water is one of the most essential and valuable resources among the many natural resources found in the earth
The accuracy of the developed model can be judged by comparing the root mean square error (RMSE)
The concept of groundwater flow numerical model is a good practice adopted by many hydrologists and researchers
Summary
Water is one of the most essential and valuable resources among the many natural resources found in the earth. It is necessary for human development, socio-economic development, and ecosystem diversity. It has been found in the surface and sub-surface in the earth. Surface water, which is found on the surface of the earth such as rivers, lakes, oceans while in sub-surface, water that find beneath the ground surface and collects in underground. 1 3 Vol.:(0123456789) 162 Page 2 of 10. Applied Water Science (2021) 11:162 nothing but a representation of a complicated phenomenon as a mathematical equation (McGarity 1985). Models are developed to perform certain functions, as presented below: 1. Quantitative assessment of physical phenomena or processes occurring in an aquifer system
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
