Conceptualising patron-client relations in secessionist conflict. A research agenda

Abstract

ABSTRACT This article breaks new ground in the study of secessionist conflict. It conceptualises the relationships between host states and secessionist groups and their patrons, and outlines directions for future research on the topic. Based on a review of patron-client research across multiple disciplines I derive four constitutive features of patron-client relationships: cooperative resource exchange, asymmetric power dependence, diffuse obligation and durability. Secessionist patron-client relationships, however, are a distinct sub-type: patrons are external to an intra-state conflict, support either the host state or the secessionist group and include both states and non-state actors, in particular international organisations and diasporas. Future research on secessionist patron-client relationships can go in many directions. This article focuses on two: the motives for forming, maintaining and terminating patron-client relationships, and the impact of such relationships on secessionist conflict. For each dimension, I identify gaps, puzzles and controversies in the literature, offer theoretical building-blocks and identify options for in-depth study.