Abstract

High frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) operates in a high frequency (HF) band (3–30 MHz) within which the surface wave propagation mode allows beyond-the-horizon detection of targets, as well as remote sensing of ocean parameters. Specifically, the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves at the lower end of the HF band (3–12 MHz) experience relative low losses when propagating over ocean water that enable the HFSWR to capture the echo signals from the sea surface, ships, and low-flying aircrafts far beyond the horizon.

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