Abstract
The product service system (PSS), as a design concept for integrated products and services, needs to be evaluated in the early design stage to maximize the value for stakeholders of the PSS concept, which is a crucial task for enterprises. However, existing methods focus on the ranking and value assessment of PSS evaluation criteria (e.g., quality, sustainability, cost), ignoring the needs conflict between customer value and economic objectives in PSS design, resulting in decision results that are not applicable to industrial enterprises. Furthermore, the influence of weight preference and uncertain information on solution evaluation is seldom considered when calculating the weight of each criterion. To fill this gap, integrating rough sets and the Shapley value decision approach for product-service system design considering customer value-economic objective trade-off is proposed, which mainly includes two parts: firstly, the best worst method (BWM) and the entropy weight method are integrated to obtain the comprehensive weight of evaluation criteria in the customer value and economic objectives; secondly, the Shapley value method in the coalition game is used to solve the optimal expectation allocation of the two objectives, so as to select the solution closest to the allocation, i.e., the optimal solution. In addition, rough set techniques are used to capture and integrate subjective assessment information originating from DMs under uncertainty. Finally, a case study of the electric forklift design is illustrated to verify the proposed decision model. The decision results show that this approach is more reliable through sensitivity and comparison analysis, and provide a valuable recommendation for enterprises to consider product service in forklift design.
Highlights
The product service system (PSS) is a design approach that combines products with services, which is widely adopted in the transformation of manufacturing enterprises to enhance product competitiveness [1,2]
This study focuses on balancing the effects of customer value (CV) and economic requirements on the overall design of a PSS, by considering this process as a cooperative game
By adopting the Shapley value to obtain the ratio of importance between CV and economic objectives in the design of a warehouse logistics system, it becomes possible to ensure that the utility of the grand coalition is always greater than that of any single coalition (i.e., φP(v) > v({P}) and φE(v) > v({E}))
Summary
The product service system (PSS) is a design approach that combines products with services, which is widely adopted in the transformation of manufacturing enterprises to enhance product competitiveness [1,2]. There are conflicting needs between users’ service performance of the product and the product lifecycle cost of the enterprises, which may increase the burdens for enterprises to improve the serviceability of PSS design. For this reason, to satisfy the customer service needs of the product in the PSS design and not exceed the economic capacity of the enterprise, PSS concept trade-off decisions need to be made to ensure the feasibility of downstream activities of PSS design. This research aims to find the optimal trade-off between the economic needs of the company and customer value (CV), so as to solve the optimal ratio between CV and economic objectives of PSS design is still one of the most significant questions needing to be answered
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